Does baking soda help with erectile dysfunction? Despite claims circulating online, there is no credible scientific evidence supporting the use of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for treating erectile dysfunction. This household substance is not licensed for ED treatment in the UK and may carry risks including gastrointestinal disturbances and electrolyte imbalances. Men experiencing persistent erectile difficulties should seek evidence-based treatments rather than unproven remedies. This article examines the lack of evidence for baking soda, explores proven treatments recommended by NICE, and explains when to consult your GP about erectile dysfunction.

What Is Erectile Dysfunction and What Causes It?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. It is a common condition affecting many men in the UK, with prevalence increasing with age. Whilst occasional difficulty with erections is normal, ED becomes a clinical concern when it occurs regularly and persistently over time.

The causes of erectile dysfunction are multifactorial and can be broadly categorised into physical, psychological, and lifestyle-related factors. Physical causes include cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hormonal imbalances (particularly low testosterone), neurological conditions (such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease), pelvic surgery or radiotherapy, Peyronie's disease, spinal injury, and certain medications. Medications that may contribute to ED include antihypertensives, antidepressants (particularly SSRIs), antipsychotics, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, antiandrogens, and spironolactone. Vascular health is particularly important, as erections depend on adequate blood flow to the penile tissues.

Psychological factors play a significant role in many cases and include anxiety, depression, stress, relationship difficulties, and performance anxiety. These psychological elements can exist independently or alongside physical causes, creating a complex interplay that may perpetuate the condition.

Lifestyle factors that contribute to ED include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of physical activity, and recreational drug use. These factors often overlap with cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting the important connection between general health and sexual function. Understanding the underlying cause is essential for appropriate management, as ED can sometimes be an early warning sign of cardiovascular disease or diabetes that may warrant formal cardiovascular risk assessment.

Does Baking Soda Help with Erectile Dysfunction?

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a common household substance with various culinary and cleaning uses, but there is no official link or credible scientific evidence supporting its use for treating erectile dysfunction. Despite claims circulating on social media and some internet forums, no robust clinical evidence has demonstrated that baking soda—whether consumed orally or applied topically—has any beneficial effect on erectile function. Sodium bicarbonate is not licensed or authorised for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in the UK.

The proposed mechanisms behind these claims are not supported by medical science. Some proponents suggest that baking soda might improve blood flow or alter body pH in ways that enhance erectile function, but these theories lack physiological basis. The body tightly regulates its pH through sophisticated buffering systems, and consuming baking soda does not meaningfully affect the pH of blood or tissues in a way that would influence erectile function.

Potential risks of using baking soda inappropriately include gastrointestinal disturbances (such as bloating, gas, and nausea), electrolyte imbalances (particularly in individuals with kidney disease or heart conditions), and interactions with medications. The high sodium content may cause fluid retention and worsen hypertension or heart failure. High doses of sodium bicarbonate can lead to metabolic alkalosis, a potentially serious condition characterised by elevated blood pH. Topical application may cause skin or mucosal irritation.

Men experiencing erectile dysfunction should avoid unproven remedies and instead seek evidence-based treatments. Self-treating with substances like baking soda may delay proper diagnosis and management of underlying conditions, some of which—such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes—require prompt medical attention.

Evidence-Based Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction

NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) provides clear guidance on the management of erectile dysfunction, emphasising a stepped approach that addresses underlying causes whilst offering symptomatic treatment. The first-line pharmacological treatment for ED consists of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, which include sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and avanafil. These medications work by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide, a natural chemical that relaxes smooth muscle in the penis, thereby increasing blood flow and facilitating erections in response to sexual stimulation. It's important to note that PDE5 inhibitors require sexual stimulation to be effective and have differing onset times and durations of action.

PDE5 inhibitors are generally well-tolerated, though common adverse effects include headache, facial flushing, dyspepsia, and nasal congestion. These medications are contraindicated in men taking nitrates, nitrate donors, or nicorandil (used for angina) due to the risk of severe hypotension. They should not be used with riociguat (for pulmonary hypertension) and caution is needed with alpha-blockers. Men with recent cardiovascular events (such as heart attack or stroke), unstable angina, severe cardiac disease, or uncontrolled hypertension should be assessed for cardiovascular stability before starting treatment.

In England, generic sildenafil can generally be prescribed on the NHS for erectile dysfunction. Other PDE5 inhibitors may be available on the NHS if sildenafil is ineffective or not tolerated. Sildenafil is also available without prescription from pharmacies (as Viagra Connect) following an assessment by a pharmacist.

For men who do not respond to oral medications or cannot tolerate them, second-line treatments include:

• Intracavernosal injections (alprostadil) administered directly into the penis

• Intraurethral alprostadil (MUSE) inserted into the urethra

• Vacuum erection devices that mechanically draw blood into the penis

• Penile prosthesis surgery for refractory cases

Psychological interventions, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychosexual counselling, are particularly valuable when psychological factors contribute to ED. Men with confirmed hypogonadism (low testosterone) may benefit from testosterone replacement therapy under specialist supervision.

Urgent medical attention should be sought for priapism (erection lasting more than 4 hours) or sudden visual or hearing loss while taking PDE5 inhibitors. Suspected side effects can be reported via the MHRA Yellow Card scheme.

When to See a GP About Erectile Dysfunction

Men should consult their GP about erectile dysfunction when difficulties with erections become persistent, cause distress, or affect their quality of life and relationships. Whilst occasional erectile difficulties are common and not necessarily concerning, regular problems that persist over time warrant medical assessment.

Emergency medical attention (A&E or 999) is required for:

• Priapism (painful erection lasting more than 4 hours)

• Painful penile deformity following trauma

• Acute chest pain or other symptoms of heart attack while using ED medications

Urgent GP consultation is particularly important in the following circumstances:

• Sudden onset of ED, especially in younger men, which may indicate an underlying medical condition requiring investigation

• ED accompanied by cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, or palpitations, as erectile dysfunction can be an early marker of cardiovascular disease

• Associated symptoms including reduced libido, testicular pain, difficulty urinating, or other genitourinary concerns

• Psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, or relationship difficulties related to sexual function

• ED following new medication, which may require adjustment or alternative prescribing

During the consultation, the GP will typically take a comprehensive medical and sexual history, review current medications, and assess cardiovascular risk factors. Initial investigations may include blood tests such as HbA1c or fasting glucose (screening for diabetes), fasting lipid profile (cardiovascular risk), morning total testosterone (repeated if low, particularly if low libido is present), and possibly prolactin if testosterone is low. Thyroid function tests may be performed if clinically indicated. Blood pressure measurement is routine, and a cardiovascular risk assessment (QRISK) may be calculated.

Referral pathways may include urology for structural causes, post-pelvic surgery ED, or Peyronie's disease; endocrinology for complex hormonal issues; or psychosexual services for psychological factors. Men should not feel embarrassed about discussing erectile dysfunction with their GP. It is a common medical condition, and healthcare professionals are experienced in managing it sensitively and confidentially. Early consultation enables prompt identification of underlying health conditions, access to effective treatments, and prevention of potential complications.

Safe Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes for ED

Whilst unproven remedies like baking soda should be avoided, evidence-based lifestyle modifications can significantly improve erectile function and overall sexual health. These changes address underlying risk factors and often benefit cardiovascular health more broadly.

Physical activity is one of the most effective lifestyle interventions for ED. Regular aerobic exercise—such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming for at least 150 minutes weekly—improves cardiovascular fitness, enhances blood flow, and can directly improve erectile function. A systematic review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that moderate to vigorous physical activity significantly reduced ED risk. Pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises) may also strengthen the muscles involved in maintaining erections.

Weight management is crucial, as obesity is strongly associated with ED. Losing excess weight improves hormonal balance (particularly testosterone levels), reduces inflammation, and enhances vascular health. Even modest weight loss of 5–10% of body weight can produce meaningful improvements in erectile function. The NHS offers weight management programmes that can provide structured support.

Dietary modifications that support cardiovascular health also benefit erectile function. The Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and fish—has been associated with reduced ED risk. Limiting processed foods, excessive salt, and saturated fats supports vascular health.

Smoking cessation is essential, as smoking damages blood vessels and impairs blood flow to the penis. The NHS provides free smoking cessation services, including behavioural support and pharmacological aids. Regarding alcohol, UK Chief Medical Officers advise not regularly exceeding 14 units per week, spread over several days with drink-free days. Even moderate alcohol consumption can impair erectile function both acutely and chronically.

Stress management through techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, or relaxation exercises can address psychological contributors to ED. Adequate sleep (7–9 hours nightly) supports hormonal balance and overall wellbeing. Open communication with partners about sexual concerns can reduce performance anxiety and strengthen relationships, which may indirectly improve erectile function.

Frequently Asked Questions