Many breastfeeding mothers wonder whether they can safely take coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements, often seeking to combat fatigue or support overall health during the demanding postnatal period. CoQ10 is a naturally occurring compound that plays a vital role in cellular energy production and acts as an antioxidant. Whilst it is generally well-tolerated in adults, the safety of CoQ10 supplementation during breastfeeding remains inadequately studied. There is currently insufficient evidence to confirm whether it is safe for nursing mothers and their infants. This article examines what is known about CoQ10 use whilst breastfeeding, explores potential risks, and discusses alternative evidence-based approaches to supporting energy levels during lactation.

What Is CoQ10 and Why Do People Take It?

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring compound found in virtually every cell of the human body. It plays a crucial role in the mitochondria—the cellular powerhouses—where it facilitates energy production through the electron transport chain. CoQ10 also functions as a potent antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals.

The body produces CoQ10 naturally, with highest concentrations found in organs with high energy demands such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. However, endogenous production declines with age, and certain medications—particularly statins used to lower cholesterol—can reduce CoQ10 levels, though the clinical significance of this reduction remains uncertain.

People take CoQ10 supplements for various reasons, including:

• Cardiovascular health: Some evidence suggests CoQ10 may support heart function, particularly in individuals with heart failure or those taking statins, though routine supplementation for statin-associated symptoms is not recommended by NICE

• Energy and fatigue: Many users report taking CoQ10 to combat tiredness and improve overall vitality

• Migraine prevention: NICE guidance (NG150) acknowledges some evidence for CoQ10 in migraine prophylaxis, though it is not routinely recommended due to limited evidence

• Fertility support: CoQ10 is sometimes used by women trying to conceive, though evidence for fertility benefits is limited and not part of NICE fertility recommendations

CoQ10 supplements are available over the counter in the UK as food supplements (not licensed medicines) in various formulations, including capsules, tablets, and liquid forms. Typical doses range from 30mg to 200mg daily, though higher doses are sometimes used under medical supervision. Whilst generally considered safe for most adults, the evidence base for many claimed benefits remains limited, and its use during breastfeeding requires careful consideration.

Can I Take CoQ10 While Breastfeeding?

The safety of CoQ10 supplementation during breastfeeding remains inadequately studied, and there is currently insufficient evidence to confirm whether it is safe or unsafe for nursing mothers and their infants. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and major UK clinical resources do not provide specific guidance on CoQ10 use whilst breastfeeding, reflecting this evidence gap.

What we know about CoQ10 and breast milk:

CoQ10 is naturally present in human breast milk in small quantities, as it is an endogenous compound. Limited data suggest that infant exposure from supplementation is likely to be low, given CoQ10's high molecular weight, high protein binding, and poor oral bioavailability. However, it is not known whether supplemental doses significantly increase CoQ10 concentrations in breast milk, nor whether such increases would affect the nursing infant.

Most healthcare professionals adopt a precautionary approach when evidence is limited. The general principle in lactation pharmacology is that substances should only be used during breastfeeding when the potential benefits clearly outweigh any theoretical risks. Given that CoQ10 supplementation is typically used for non-urgent indications rather than essential medical treatment, a cautious approach is reasonable.

Current recommendations:

In the absence of robust safety data, healthcare professionals generally advise caution with supplements during breastfeeding. If you are considering taking CoQ10 while breastfeeding, discuss this with your GP, pharmacist, or midwife first. If you do take CoQ10, use the lowest effective dose, and monitor your baby for any unusual symptoms. If you are already taking CoQ10 and discover you are breastfeeding, seek healthcare professional advice before continuing.

Potential Risks and Safety Considerations for Nursing Mothers

Whilst CoQ10 is generally well-tolerated in non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding adults, several safety considerations are particularly relevant for nursing mothers.

Lack of safety data in lactation:

The primary concern is the absence of controlled studies examining CoQ10 supplementation during breastfeeding. Without such research, we cannot confidently predict potential effects on infant growth, development, or health. This uncertainty alone warrants a cautious approach, particularly given that breastfeeding infants have immature metabolic and excretory systems that may handle substances differently than adults.

Possible adverse effects in adults:

In general adult populations, CoQ10 supplementation can occasionally cause:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, diarrhoea, or stomach upset

• Headaches or dizziness

• Insomnia or sleep disturbances (particularly if taken late in the day)

• Skin rashes or allergic reactions (rare)

These effects are typically mild and dose-dependent. However, if a breastfeeding mother experiences significant side effects, this could indirectly affect her ability to care for her infant or maintain adequate milk supply through stress or reduced nutritional intake. If you suspect any adverse reactions to CoQ10, report them via the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme (yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk).

Drug interactions:

CoQ10 may interact with certain medications, which is particularly relevant for mothers managing chronic conditions:

• Warfarin and anticoagulants: CoQ10 may reduce the effectiveness of warfarin. If you take warfarin, inform your anticoagulation service before starting or stopping CoQ10 and arrange additional INR monitoring

• Antihypertensive medications: CoQ10 might have additive blood pressure-lowering effects

• Cancer treatments: If you are receiving cancer treatment, consult your oncology team before taking any supplements including CoQ10, as antioxidants may theoretically affect some treatments

Quality and purity concerns:

Food supplements in the UK are not subject to the same rigorous testing as licensed medicines. Product quality, purity, and actual CoQ10 content can vary between manufacturers. Some products may contain contaminants or unlisted ingredients that could pose additional risks during breastfeeding. Purchase from reputable suppliers with quality assurance standards.

Alternative Ways to Support Energy Levels During Breastfeeding

Many breastfeeding mothers seek CoQ10 supplementation primarily to combat fatigue and low energy—common experiences in the postnatal period. Fortunately, there are several evidence-based strategies to support energy levels without the uncertainties associated with supplementation.

Optimise nutrition:

A balanced diet is fundamental to maintaining energy whilst breastfeeding. The NHS advises eating to appetite rather than counting calories—there's no need to 'eat for two'. Focus on:

• Iron-rich foods: Red meat, poultry, fish, pulses, and fortified cereals help prevent or address iron-deficiency anaemia, a common cause of postnatal fatigue

• Complex carbohydrates: Wholegrain bread, pasta, rice, and oats provide sustained energy release

• Adequate protein: Lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy, beans, and nuts support tissue repair and satiety

• Healthy fats: Oily fish, avocados, nuts, and seeds support overall health and hormone production

• Hydration: Dehydration exacerbates fatigue; the NHS advises drinking plenty of fluids and keeping water nearby when breastfeeding

Consider tested supplementation:

If dietary intake is inadequate, certain supplements have established safety profiles during breastfeeding:

• Vitamin D: Recommended for all breastfeeding women in the UK (10 micrograms daily)

• Iron: If blood tests confirm deficiency (common postnatally, especially after significant blood loss)

• Vitamin B12: Particularly important for women following vegan or vegetarian diets

Eligible mothers may qualify for NHS Healthy Start vitamins.

Lifestyle modifications:

• Prioritise sleep: Sleep when your baby sleeps, even during the day; sleep deprivation is often the primary cause of fatigue

• Gentle exercise: Short walks or postnatal exercise classes can paradoxically boost energy levels

• Accept help: Delegate household tasks to partners, family, or friends to conserve energy

• Manage stress: Mindfulness, relaxation techniques, or speaking with your health visitor can help

If fatigue persists despite these measures, consult your GP to exclude underlying conditions such as thyroid dysfunction, anaemia, or postnatal depression.

When to Speak to Your GP or Pharmacist

Given the limited evidence regarding CoQ10 safety during breastfeeding, professional guidance is essential before starting or continuing supplementation. You should contact your GP or pharmacist if:

• You are considering taking CoQ10 whilst breastfeeding and want to discuss whether it is appropriate for your individual circumstances

• You are already taking CoQ10 and have recently started breastfeeding or are planning to do so

• You have been advised to take CoQ10 for a specific medical condition (such as heart failure or statin-related muscle symptoms) and need guidance on balancing treatment benefits against breastfeeding considerations

• You are taking any regular medications and want to check for potential interactions with CoQ10

• You take warfarin and are considering starting or stopping CoQ10 (also inform your anticoagulation service)

Seek more urgent medical advice if you experience:

• Persistent, severe fatigue that interferes with caring for your baby or daily functioning—this may indicate anaemia, thyroid problems, or postnatal depression requiring investigation

• Chest pain, palpitations, or breathlessness—call 999 for severe symptoms

• Signs your baby is unwell or not feeding properly, particularly if you have been taking any supplements

• Unusual symptoms after starting any new supplement, including rashes, gastrointestinal disturbance, or sleep problems

For urgent but non-emergency concerns, contact NHS 111.

What to tell your healthcare professional:

When discussing CoQ10 or any supplement, provide complete information including:

• The specific product name, dose, and how long you have been taking it

• Your reasons for wanting to take CoQ10

• Any other medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you are using

• Any relevant medical conditions

• Whether you are exclusively breastfeeding or combination feeding

Your GP or pharmacist can provide personalised advice based on your individual health status and help you weigh the potential benefits against the uncertainties. They may also arrange blood tests to investigate treatable causes of fatigue, such as iron deficiency or thyroid dysfunction, which are common in the postnatal period and have evidence-based treatments compatible with breastfeeding.

If you're experiencing low mood alongside fatigue, discuss this with your GP, as NHS perinatal mental health support is available.

Frequently Asked Questions